工作流
本指南介绍 OpenSpec 的常见工作流模式,以及各模式的适用场景。基本设置请参阅快速入门,命令参考请参阅命令。
理念:操作,而非阶段
Section titled “理念:操作,而非阶段”传统工作流会强迫你依次经历各个阶段:先规划,再实现,最后完成。但真实工作并不会整齐地落在预设阶段中。
OPSX 采用不同的方式:
Traditional (phase-locked):
PLANNING ────────► IMPLEMENTING ────────► DONE │ │ │ "Can't go back" │ └────────────────────┘
OPSX (fluid actions):
proposal ──► specs ──► design ──► tasks ──► implement核心原则:
- 操作,而非阶段——命令是可以随时执行的操作,不是会把你困住的阶段。
- 依赖关系是助力,而非关卡——它们表示接下来可以做什么,而非必须做什么。
自定义: OPSX 工作流由定义产物顺序的模式驱动。创建自定义模式的详情请参阅自定义。
默认工作流保持灵活:探索和验证都是可选的;实现过程中有新发现时,也可以随时更新规划产物。
flowchart TD Idea["Idea or problem"] --> Explore["/opsx:explore<br/>(optional)"] Idea --> Propose["/opsx:propose"] Explore --> Propose Propose --> Review{"Planning artifacts<br/>ready?"} Review -->|"Refine"| Update["/opsx:update"] Update --> Review Review -->|"Implement"| Apply["/opsx:apply"] Apply -->|"Plan changed"| Update Apply --> Archive["/opsx:archive"] Apply --> Verify["/opsx:verify<br/>(optional, custom selection)"] Apply --> Sync["/opsx:sync<br/>(optional before archive)"] Verify --> Verified{"Ready to archive?"} Verified -->|"Fix implementation"| Apply Verified -->|"Revise plan"| Update Verified -->|"Ready"| Sync Verified -->|"Ready"| Archive Sync --> ArchiveAI 助手负责驱动工作流,CLI 则提供确定性的脚手架、状态和产物指令:
sequenceDiagram actor Human participant Assistant as AI assistant participant CLI as OpenSpec CLI participant Files as Planning and implementation files
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:propose "change" Assistant->>CLI: openspec new change CLI->>Files: Scaffold change metadata Assistant->>CLI: Request status and artifact instructions CLI-->>Assistant: Build order, paths, and templates Assistant->>Files: Write schema-defined planning artifacts Assistant-->>Human: Present artifacts for review
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:apply Assistant->>CLI: Request apply instructions CLI-->>Assistant: Context files and task state Assistant->>Files: Implement tasks and update checkboxes Assistant-->>Human: Report implementation status
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:archive Assistant->>CLI: Request archive inputs and artifact status CLI-->>Assistant: Planning paths and artifact completion Assistant->>Files: Read task state and compare delta specs opt Delta specs exist Assistant-->>Human: Offer to sync before archiving alt Sync accepted Human->>Assistant: Confirm sync Assistant->>Files: Merge delta specs into main specs else Sync skipped Human->>Assistant: Archive without syncing end end Assistant->>Files: Move the change into the archive Assistant-->>Human: Report archive location and sync result
Note over Human,CLI: CLI alternative: openspec archive change-name --yes skips confirmation prompts. It still validates, then applies any delta specs and archives默认快捷路径(core 配置档案)
Section titled “默认快捷路径(core 配置档案)”新安装默认使用 core,包含以下命令:
/opsx:explore/opsx:propose/opsx:apply/opsx:update/opsx:sync/opsx:archive
典型流程:
/opsx:explore ──► /opsx:propose ──► /opsx:apply ──► /opsx:sync ──► /opsx:archive (optional)从探索开始(值得养成的习惯)
Section titled “从探索开始(值得养成的习惯)”/opsx:explore 属于默认配置档案,并非高级附加功能。只要你遇到了问题但尚无计划,就可以使用它;与 AI 助手协作时,这几乎是大多数时候的状态。
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: Our search results feel stale. I'm not sure if it's caching, indexing, or the query itself.
AI: Let me look... [reads the search service and cache layer] It's the index: it only rebuilds nightly, so edits don't show up until the next day. Two options: rebuild on write (simple, more load) or a short-TTL cache invalidation (more moving parts, less load). Given your write volume is low, rebuild-on-write is the cleaner fix. Want to scope it?
You: Yes.
You: /opsx:propose rebuild-search-index-on-write除非你主动要求,或在 Explore 提出建议时表示同意,否则它不会编写代码或写入其他内容。它是一场免费、没有风险的对话,可以将模糊担忧转化为明确变更,让后续提案更准确。如果你已经完全清楚要做什么?跳过探索,直接运行 /opsx:propose 即可。完整指南见先探索。
扩展/完整工作流(自定义选择)
Section titled “扩展/完整工作流(自定义选择)”如果希望使用明确的脚手架和构建命令(/opsx:new、/opsx:continue、/opsx:ff、/opsx:verify、/opsx:bulk-archive、/opsx:onboard),请使用以下命令启用:
openspec config profileopenspec update工作流模式(扩展模式)
Section titled “工作流模式(扩展模式)”快速实现功能
Section titled “快速实现功能”当你清楚要构建什么,只需开始执行时:
/opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──► /opsx:apply ──► /opsx:verify ──► /opsx:archive对话示例:
You: /opsx:new add-logout-button
AI: Created openspec/changes/add-logout-button/ Ready to create: proposal
You: /opsx:ff
AI: Creating all planning artifacts... ✓ proposal.md ✓ specs/ ✓ design.md ✓ tasks.md Ready for implementation!
You: /opsx:apply
AI: Working through tasks... ✓ Added logout button to header ✓ Implemented session clearing ✓ Added confirmation dialog All tasks complete!
You: /opsx:archive
AI: ✓ Merged specs ✓ Archived change适合: 中小型功能、bug 修复和范围明确的变更。
当需求不明确,或需要先调查时:
/opsx:explore ──► /opsx:new ──► /opsx:continue ──► ... ──► /opsx:apply对话示例:
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: I want to improve page load performance but I'm not sure where the bottlenecks are.
AI: Let me help investigate... [Analyzes bundle sizes, identifies slow queries, reviews component render patterns]
I found three main bottlenecks: 1. Large unoptimized images 2. Synchronous data fetching in ProductList 3. Re-renders from context changes
Which would you like to address first?
You: Let's tackle the data fetching issue.
You: /opsx:new optimize-product-list-fetching
AI: Created change. Ready to create: proposal
You: /opsx:continue
AI: Creating proposal based on our exploration... [Writes proposal incorporating investigation insights]
Ready to create: specs, design Which would you like next?
You: /opsx:continue
AI: Creating specs...适合: 性能优化、调试、架构决策和不明确的需求。
并行处理变更
Section titled “并行处理变更”同时处理多个变更:
Change A: /opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──► /opsx:apply (in progress) │ context switch │Change B: /opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──────► /opsx:apply对话示例:
You: I'm working on add-dark-mode but got pulled into a bug fix
You: /opsx:new fix-login-redirect
AI: Created openspec/changes/fix-login-redirect/
You: /opsx:ff
AI: ✓ Created planning artifacts
You: /opsx:apply
AI: Working on fix-login-redirect... [Implements the fix] All tasks complete!
You: /opsx:archive
AI: ✓ Archived fix-login-redirect
You: Let's get back to dark mode
You: /opsx:apply add-dark-mode
AI: Resuming add-dark-mode... Picking up at task 2.3: Update Header...适合: 并行工作流、紧急插入任务和团队协作。
如果有多项已完成的变更,可以使用 /opsx:bulk-archive:
You: /opsx:bulk-archive
AI: Found 3 completed changes: - add-dark-mode (all tasks done) - fix-login-redirect (all tasks done) - update-footer (all tasks done)
Checking for spec conflicts... ⚠ add-dark-mode and update-footer both touch specs/ui/
Inspecting codebase to resolve... Both changes are implemented. Will apply in chronological order.
Archive all 3 changes?
You: Yes
AI: ✓ Archived add-dark-mode ✓ Archived fix-login-redirect ✓ Archived update-footer Specs merged in order: add-dark-mode → update-footerBulk archive 会检测多项变更同时修改同一规格说明的情形,并根据实际实现情况解决冲突。
完成一项变更
Section titled “完成一项变更”推荐的完成流程:
/opsx:apply ──► /opsx:verify ──► /opsx:archive │ │ validates prompts to sync implementation if neededVerify:检查工作
Section titled “Verify:检查工作”/opsx:verify 会从三个维度对照产物检查实现:
You: /opsx:verify
AI: Verifying add-auth...
COMPLETENESS ✓ All 12 tasks in tasks.md are checked ✓ All requirements in specs have corresponding code ⚠ Scenario "Session timeout after inactivity" not tested
CORRECTNESS ✓ Implementation matches spec intent ✓ Edge cases from scenarios are handled ✓ Error states match spec definitions
COHERENCE ✓ Design decisions reflected in code structure ✓ Naming conventions consistent with design.md ⚠ Design mentions "event-driven" but implementation uses polling
SUMMARY ───────────────────────────── Critical issues: 0 Warnings: 2 Ready to archive: Yes (with warnings)
Recommendations: 1. Add test for session timeout scenario 2. Consider refactoring to event-driven as designed, or update design.mdVerify 的检查内容:
| 维度 | 验证内容 |
|---|---|
| 完整性 | 所有任务是否完成、所有需求是否实现、场景是否覆盖 |
| 正确性 | 实现是否符合规格意图、边界情况是否处理 |
| 一致性 | 设计决策是否体现在代码中、各模式是否一致 |
Verify 不会阻止归档,但会指出你可能需要先处理的问题。
Archive:完成变更
Section titled “Archive:完成变更”/opsx:archive 会完成变更并将其移入归档:
You: /opsx:archive
AI: Archiving add-auth...
Artifact status: ✓ proposal.md exists ✓ specs/ exists ✓ design.md exists ✓ tasks.md exists (12/12 tasks complete)
Delta specs: Not yet synced to main → Would you like to sync now?
You: Yes
AI: ✓ Synced specs to openspec/specs/auth/spec.md ✓ Moved to openspec/changes/archive/2025-01-24-add-auth/
Change archived successfully.如果规格说明尚未同步,Archive 会提示你。任务尚未全部完成不会阻止归档,但会发出警告。
/opsx:ff 还是 /opsx:continue
Section titled “/opsx:ff 还是 /opsx:continue”| 情况 | 使用 |
|---|---|
| 需求明确,准备开始实现 | /opsx:ff |
| 仍在探索,希望逐步审查 | /opsx:continue |
| 想先完善提案,再编写规格说明 | /opsx:continue |
| 时间紧迫,需要快速推进 | /opsx:ff |
| 变更复杂,希望掌控过程 | /opsx:continue |
经验法则: 如果你能预先描述完整范围,使用 /opsx:ff;如果你还在边做边梳理,使用 /opsx:continue。
何时更新,何时重新开始
Section titled “何时更新,何时重新开始”常见问题是:什么时候可以更新现有变更,什么时候应该新建?
以下情形更新现有变更:
- 意图相同,只是执行方式更完善
- 范围缩小(先完成 MVP,其他部分稍后处理)
- 根据新发现进行修正(代码库与你预想的不同)
- 根据实现过程中的发现微调设计
以下情形新建变更:
- 意图发生根本变化
- 范围扩大为完全不同的工作
- 原变更可以独立标记为“完成”
- 修补只会让内容更难理解,而非更清晰
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Is this the same work? │ └──────────────┬──────────────────────┘ │ ┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐ │ │ │ ▼ ▼ ▼ Same intent? >50% overlap? Can original Same problem? Same scope? be "done" without │ │ these changes? │ │ │ ┌────────┴────────┐ ┌──────┴──────┐ ┌───────┴───────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ YES NO YES NO NO YES │ │ │ │ │ │ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ UPDATE NEW UPDATE NEW UPDATE NEW示例:“添加深色模式”
- “还要支持自定义主题” → 新建变更(范围扩大)
- “操作系统偏好检测比预想的更难” → 更新(意图相同)
- “先发布切换开关,稍后再添加偏好设置” → 更新后归档,然后新建一项变更
保持变更聚焦
Section titled “保持变更聚焦”每项变更只包含一个逻辑工作单元。如果你正在“添加功能 X,同时重构 Y”,可以考虑拆分为两项变更。
这样做的重要性:
- 更容易审查和理解
- 归档历史更清晰
- 可以独立发布
- 必要时更容易回滚
需求不明确时使用 /opsx:explore
Section titled “需求不明确时使用 /opsx:explore”确定变更方案之前,先探索问题空间:
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: How should we handle rate limiting for our API?
AI: Let me investigate your current setup and options... [Researches codebase, considers patterns]
I see three approaches we could take: 1. Middleware-based (simple, per-endpoint) 2. Redis-backed (scalable, shared state) 3. Token bucket per user (fair, complex)
Your current stack suggests #1 or #2. What's your scale?探索能在编写任何代码之前厘清思路。
归档前进行验证
Section titled “归档前进行验证”使用 /opsx:verify 检查实现是否符合产物:
You: /opsx:verify
AI: Verifying add-dark-mode...
✓ All tasks in tasks.md are checked ✓ Requirements in specs have corresponding code ✓ Design decisions are reflected in implementation
Ready to archive!在结束变更之前发现不一致。
给变更取清晰的名称
Section titled “给变更取清晰的名称”好名称能让 openspec list 更有用:
Good: Avoid:add-dark-mode feature-1fix-login-redirect updateoptimize-product-query changesimplement-2fa wip命令的完整说明和选项请参阅命令。
| 命令 | 用途 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
/opsx:propose |
创建变更并生成规划产物 | 快速默认路径(core 配置档案) |
/opsx:explore |
与 AI 一起梳理想法 | 不确定时从这里开始:需求不明、需要调查或比较方案 |
/opsx:new |
创建变更脚手架 | 扩展模式,明确控制产物 |
/opsx:continue |
创建下一个产物 | 扩展模式,逐步创建产物 |
/opsx:ff |
创建全部规划产物 | 扩展模式,范围明确 |
/opsx:apply |
实现任务 | 准备开始编写代码 |
/opsx:verify |
验证实现 | 扩展模式,归档之前 |
/opsx:sync |
合并差异规格说明 | 扩展模式,可选 |
/opsx:archive |
完成变更 | 所有工作已完成 |
/opsx:bulk-archive |
批量归档多项变更 | 扩展模式,并行工作 |
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